Questions On Health Psychology And Health - 1847 Words

3 Essays Kim Herndon Walden University February 8, 2015 Dr. Rieder, Ph.D Introduction In this assignment, students were asked to address three essay questions relating to health psychology. Students were expected to support their findings based on research and use peer reviewed articles to support findings. The following essay questions were asked: Essay #1: Interview a smoker to learn firsthand how the smoker started and when, why they continue, whether they have tried to quit and how that has worked, any health issues, etc? Summarize the interview in half of a page and relate your findings to the literature, how is your interviewee similar and dissimilar to the literature? Essay #2: You are working in a health care setting. You are referred a patient, Thomas, for noncompliance with medical recommendations. You read the medical chart and find out that Thomas is a 59-year-old patient with Type II diabetes. Thomas is overweight, eats mostly high fat processed foods, and never exercises (all risk factors for type II diabetes by the way). His blood sugar levels are dangerously high and have stayed that way in spite of the doctor’s repeated attempts to get them down. Thomas is married and has 3 grown children. He works as a janitor at a nearby office building. Thomas’ doctor complains that his patient does not do a good job checking his insulin level and taking the right doses of insulin. He also complains that Thomas makes no attempt to lose weight, eat a lowShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Health Psychology907 Words   |  4 Pagesconventional separation of body and mind determined by a Dualistic model of health and illness, with an increasing focus o n an interaction between the mind and the body. This shift in perspective is demonstrated of a holistic or a whole-person approach to health. Therefore, Health psychology maintains that the mind and body interact. Moreover, Health psychology is the study of psychological and behavioural processes of health, illness, and healthcare. It is apprehensive with the consideration of howRead MoreThe Health Of Health Psychology999 Words   |  4 PagesHealth Psychology Introduction Health psychologists range from a wide area of careers and fields. They focus on how health and illnesses are effected by factors such as psychology, biology and social factors. Health psychologists also seek to answer, â€Å"how people cope with chronic illness (both their own and others’)† (Lyons, Chamberlain, 2006, p. 6). Health psychologists research on different ways to â€Å"overcome illnesses more quickly, and how to change people’s attitude† on health problems suchRead MoreExercise And Training Program : The Weight Management And Bmi Questions873 Words   |  4 Pages1. HS 200: Pre-Requisite Test #1 Overall I got an 8.5% on this Pre-Req Test a. 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Therefore, assuming a population mean of 3 and a margin of error of 1, an ideal sample size would be 36. Based on the design of this project it is likely the sample will be as low as 7. The participants in the study will consist of psychology graduate students from a New England university. The participants will be volunteers that respond to an invitation pos ted on the University’s MS Psychology Lounge, an online gatheringRead MoreA Study Conducted By Anthony Venning And Associates1097 Words   |  5 PagesIncluding less prevalent conditions such as substance use disorders, 1 in 4 young people are estimated to be suffering from a mental health condition across the country (Youthbeyondblue.com, 2015). 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Employment opportunities for capable psychologists are expected to be slightly better than average over theRead MoreEssay about Examination of Clinical Psychology1197 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: EXAMINATION OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY Examination of Clinical Psychology University of Phoenix PST/480 Karen Wilson Nov 14, 2011 Examination of Clinical Psychology Clinical psychology is a very important as well as popular part of the field of psychology that is used very often. To begin, a definition of clinical psychology will be included. According to APA (2009) â€Å"Clinical psychology attempts to use the principles of psychology to better understand, predict, and

Elephant the movie Essay - 1540 Words

Gus Van Sant’s Elephant was at once critically praised and denounced by both film reviewers and filmgoers alike. The cinematography takes you on a waltz throughout a seemingly typical day at an unnamed high school, stopping through the journey to focus on the stereotypes of school. The jock, the quirky artist, the cliqued girls, the skateboarder, they are all represented and representative of his film. Van Sant created a film, seemingly without a staunch opinion on the horrors of the Columbine shootings. The movie seems distanced from the actors and their actions: an unaware participant from the tranquil introduction to the gruesome climax. His seeming lack of a purpose, lack of a reason for the creation of this film, is exactly the†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Van Sant’s film aestheticizes the reality of high school, focusing on its beauty and character, and ignoring the underlying grime inherent on most campuses. The halls and yard of the sch ool are kept in immaculate condition, staying unnaturally clean, almost sterile for a school. Despite this seeming glorification of the building, the hallways are kept as a constant secondary to the sharply focused characters the camera constantly follows. It takes the focus away from the bare walls and empty hallways and places it solely on the students. The film isn’t about the location that it occurred, but the people that it happened to. The focus is on the students of the film, both literally and figuratively. The camera seems to never stop moving, save for brief pauses that seem to rest the viewer. There is little extraneous distraction from the characters as they walk down the hall; the only time something distracts from the center of attention is when it is repeated again as the film goes through its several cycles that repeat scenes from different points of view. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The film intertwines the lives of its multiple points of view. They all seem to be unrelated, but they ultimately tie together in a cohesive storyline that unravels into its unavoidable conclusion. Each person follows his or her own timeline until it reaches the pointShow MoreRelatedThemes: Joseph Merrick and Elephant Man Essay940 Words   |  4 PagesBreaking through the Blindness: A Fight for Freedom The three short stories we read, The Elephant in the Village of Blind, 20/20, and The Cathedral, all have many common themes with the movie The Elephant man. What intrigues me the most is the hidden underlining meaning each and every story carries. There are three prominent themes I would like to discuss, the figurative and the literal blindness of the characters in the works, enlightenment, and the freedom the characters experience throughoutRead MoreThe Film, Elephant, Directed by by Gus Van Sant was Inspired by Real Life Events659 Words   |  3 Pages‘Elephant’ is a film directed and written by Gus Van Sant and was inspired by a real incident that took place in 1999. The term â€Å"elephant† here is taken from the phrase â€Å"Elephant in the room† which means a significant issue that people overlook or do not resolve. The issue (elephant) here is high school shootings in America. Elephant is a serene, yet haunting experience that leaves viewers with a â€Å"spirit-crushing ennui† that images American culture (Zwick 2004). The movie tracks a handful of studentsRead MoreCruelty Towards Animals772 Words   |  4 Pagesaround and then lay down in unison, elephants dont walk trunk to tail and female elephants dont mount each other. 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Why did Robert Pattinson choose to act an orphaned and impecuniousRead MoreEng 225 Week 3 Final Film Critique Outline791 Words   |  4 PagesThe Elephant Man English 225 Introduction To Film 11/3/2012 I chose to critique the film â€Å"The Elephant Man† it is an iconic filmmaking endeavor. Director David Lynch shows the sadness and the scariness of deformities onto the audience in a way that touches your heart and leaves you with a sense of sadness and will also leave a tear in your eye. Most of the people who have watched this film are touched and completely changes the way they view crippled, weak, and deformed people in this worldRead MoreCharacter Analysis of Water for Elephant980 Words   |  4 PagesDoris Zhang Miss. Trosko English Character Analysis Essay 9th Novemember 2011 Water for Elephants In a recent interview for à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Collider.comà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , Robert Pattinson, a household young actor, revealed that he was offered with various movie characters that he could choose from as his next role after starring in the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Twilightà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  series. Finally, he decided to play the role of Jacob Jankowski in a film adaptation directed by Francis Lawrence, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Water for Elephantsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . WhyRead MoreEssay on A Review for â€Å"The Lion King†1188 Words   |  5 Pagesseemingly educated woman that has won Oscar awards for her documentaries, could possibly be so far off base in her review of the Disney movie â€Å"The Lion King†. Margaret Lazarus has taken a movie made for the entertainment of children and turned it into something that is racist, sexist and stereotypes gender roles. She uses many personal arguments to review the movie but offers few solutions. The author is well organized but she lacks alternate points of view and does not use adequate sources. LazarusRead MoreEssay Harper1467 Words   |  6 Pagessolution or choice to the problem. In Leon Weiseltier’s â€Å"The Democratic thinker† he shows the obligation that people have. â€Å"The Blind Men and the Elephant† shows conflict between knowledge and understanding. â€Å"The Three Questions† by Leo Tolstoy also shows conflict between knowledge and understanding but in a different way than the blind men and the elephant does. â€Å"Education as Maturity† by H.A Overstreet shows the process. Finally Wag the Dog by Barry Levinson shows the dangers of critical thinkingRead MoreLondon s Delusive Visionary, Banksy1475 Words   |  6 Pagesof art† was the elephant in the room. The literal elephant in the room was a live mother elephant who calmly walked around the venue painted bright red with a golden damask stencil to match the wallpaper of the site. The bigger than life artwork done what had nev er been done before, but the meaning behind the exhibition was poverty which was overlooked by most which gave meaning to bringing in a living animal and camouflaging it even though it is hard not to notice the â€Å"elephant in the room.† Banksy’sRead MoreEssay 1 Elephant1078 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Essay: Elephant by Polly Clark, 2006 A To choose your own future, destiny and life is very hard. Everyone wants to do something that makes them happy. But sometimes you take the wrong decisions or everything decides to go against you, which makes you stay in the box you were trying to escape from. When your dreams don’t get fulfilled, you will be in that box and wait for the light. It’s not always about what you want, but what you need. And to live a good life, and to do something productive, you

How to Beat the January Blues Free Essays

Let’s be honest, January is a gloomy old month. Christmas and new year frivolity are in the distant past, and everyone’s broke because we’re still paying for them. The days are short and grey, it’s cold and gloomy and spring seems an age away. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Beat the January Blues or any similar topic only for you Order Now But it’s not all doom and gloom! Today we look at what you can do to get the better of the January blues! Expand your cultural palate! There’s no shame in investing some serious time on the sofa, but if you’re going to become a sofa bear this January, you might as well do it productively. Remember that book you were going to read, or that film you were going to watchNow’s the time to get your teeth into those and conquer them before the days start getting longer and warmer! Get some fresh air Open your front door and make the most of the fresh winter weather. Whether it is raining, windy or even snowing, it’s not excuse not to get your wellies on and get outside. Experiencing a bit of fresh air will do a lot to blow away those December cobwebs and help put a spring back in your step. Try dry January Start by saying the words ‘dry January’ very slowly, over and over again. it might seem a terrifying thought, but actually giving up drinking alcohol for the whole of January could be the exact type of detox that your body needs after Christmas and New Years! ‘Winter’ clean Like Spring cleaning, ‘Winter Cleaning’ is easy. Put away all the leftover wrapping and mess from the Christmas parties adn the lazy days on the sofa. Start to file away your possessions and create some space for you to clear your mind. Use our site If the thought of failing your exams or essays is making your January seem even greyer, then why not speak to us at our site and find out how we can help alleviate your stress and get And you’re done! Having achieved all this, retreat back to bed and wait for February. How to cite How to Beat the January Blues, Essay examples

Alternative Approaches to Strategic Management †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Alternative Approaches to Strategic Management. Answer: Introduction Managementpractices have undergone a series of transformations on the last few decades. During this period, companies have been downsized and hallowed out. At the moment some employees have found it unattainable to remain in major leadership positions in companies, newly trained and empowered workers have entered the field and implement numerous innovativemanagement practices such as just-in-time manufacturing, continuous improvement, and total quality management. These innovations have significantly influenced the development of new strategicmanagement approaches including stakeholder, dynamic capabilities, and sustainable approach (15 Steps of Strategic Management 2015). Though all of these management approaches are viable and have several benefits, they also have several disadvantages and limitations. Organizations, therefore, need to read between the lines and consider implementing the most viable elements in all of them and cushion themselves from the risks involved. Approaches to Strategic Management: Stakeholder Approach Stakeholder approach has developed to become an alternative way of managing organizations. This approach ensures that company directors have to put more consideration on various stakeholder groups than on shareholders interest. Stakeholder approach was first raised by Freeman (2009) who opposed to the concept that company directors are solely accountable to shareholders. He argued that they are accountable to employees, suppliers, credit providers, local communities, customers, environmental groups, and the government. According this expert, each of these groups has an absolute right to be treated as an end to a just means. Benefits of Stakeholder Approach Stakeholder approach has become incredibly popular because of its enormous benefits. This approach is an effective tool for improving the level of corporate governance in organizations. According to Parkinson, if the internal mechanism of managements such as non-executive director and general meeting and the external form such as hostile takeover bid are ineffective, an organization can suffer incredibly. With stakeholder approach, however, organizations are safe from such a risk (Freeman 2009). The other benefit of this approach is that it can reconcile the relationship between organizations and non-shareholder groups. When an organization views employees a partnership, for example, rather than instruments for reaching a particular goal, that makes it possible to have a productive relationship between the employer and the employee. When the company hires qualified and well-motivated staff, it is able to succeed in the current intensive competition world (Boutilier 2011). This approach can also help companies to strengthen their brand image. Since the approach requires companies to include the local community, the organization will have to focus on meeting long-term goals. If organizations focus of short-term financial goals that would be detrimental to its success and the local community cannot accept to ether into agreements that cannot preserve the environment and meet other critical societal needs. Regulations such as environmental protection laws reflect what the society demands from the organization and the laws suggest that abiding by them actively rather than passively would help to build the reputation of the company and benefit it in many other ways (Boutilier 2011). The final benefit of stakeholder approach is that it gives directors of organizations the freedom to be visionary and develop strategies for achieving the strategic long-term plans. As they have to consider a wide range of things before arriving at a conclusion, directors are able to be more practical in the way they approach leadership issues. Directors are the agents of the organization, according to this approach, rather than agents of shareholders (Boutilier 2011). Limitations and Demerits Critics of the stakeholder approach consider that is not a useful management theory. They consider that it takes away shareholder primacy, and, for that reason, directors can operate the organization so they so wish. Additionally, they consider that under this theory, it is hard to judge the performance of directors. A good way to illustrate what they mean is a director who chooses to take account of the interest of the local community, but when an opportunity to move the company to a country with cheap labor where they can make more profits, they choose to stay put. When a director does this, a problem can arise given that shareholders invest their resources to make profit. If the company does not make profit, they can choose to take their shares and invest else which, which in effect can affect lead to closure of the business (Waal (2013). Some experts consider that stakeholders approach can result to disagreements between the investors and the directors to a small extent. They suggest that this can be sorted out amicably. According to Waal (2013), organizations that use this approach can prevent the occurrence of similar problems by setting up two-tier board structures. The supervisory board oversees the operations of the executive board and helps them to deliver on their mandate. Further, this method also enables all other stakeholders to monitor the directors more closely. To large extent, this approach would improve the level of supervision and prevent directors from mismanaging organizations under their care (Freeman 2009). The stakeholder approach may also have an effect on investment. Its opponents say that directors would be discouraged from pouring their money into the company due to the unethical behavior of the directors. For example, one study has blamed inadequately operated stakeholder performance measures for the current corporate decline in the U.S. Other experts, however, say with the increasingly more roles that shareholders play on boards, their interests would be obviously catered for. With the above analysis, it could attract more investors (Waal 2013). Another possible demerit is that the existence of many factors to consider can affect the efficiency of the organization. With these many objectives, the directors might be forced to trade-off different demands of some stakeholder groups. While it is true that this approach requires organizations to spend a lot of time on balancing different sorts of demands, some experts say this on not necessarily a bad thing. They consider that it makes great sense to sacrifice some efficiency for detailed and far-sighted evaluation (Freeman 2009). Dynamic Capabilities The theory of dynamic capabilities is increasingly providing the intellectual infrastructure fir strategic management. This term refers to the ability of the firm to integrate, create, and reconfigure both internal and external competences so as to solve issues relating to rapidly changing environments. Dynamic capabilities are different from operational capabilities. The latter pertains to current operations of a company. The main assumption of this management approach is that organizations should use core competencies to modify short-term completive positions that they can use to build longer-term competitive advantage (Hutterer 2012). Benefits of Dynamic Capabilities The dynamic capabilities approach enables organizations to perform strategically important activities in a better way than their competitors do. This element makes it an effective tool for sustaining competitive advantage. According to Porter and Crammer (2012), this approach can ensure competitive advantage comes from any activity along the value chain and not just from great products or services. He says competitive advantage is not just about money or primary about customer value for money. Organizations should know that it is about the culture, the quality, and the value of innovation (Hutterer 2012). Apple and IBM are just a few examples of corporations that have benefited incredibly from dynamic capabilities. These management approaches have enabled these two companies to evolve with rapid change. Apple is not a technological leader. However, through this strategy, it has proven its ability to market technologically-based products by developing features that people value. IBM, on the other hand, is a true technological innovator. This company successfully transaction from electromechanical tabulating devices to mainframe computers. IBM is currently a market leader in IT-based services and cloud computing business. The leadership of these companies has played a significant role in determining the types of dynamic abilities that suit their growth. Apple and IBM have essentially been able to sense and shape opportunities and threats, seize opportunities as well as maintain competitiveness by improving, integrating, securing, and, occasionally, reconfiguring the intangible and tangi ble assets of the business enterprises (Helfat 2013; Eckert 2016). The dynamic capacities management approach also creates learning opportunities. When organizations accept that knowledge generated exists in new patterns of activity or new logics of organization, they are able to succeed. Patterns of interaction are found in group behavior and certain sub-routines can be found in individual behavior. Through partnerships and collaboration, firms are able to learn how to recognize dysfunctional routines and avoid falling prey to strategic blind spots. Another essential dynamic capability is building strategic assets. Organizations with alliances and acquisition routines are able to bring new strategic assets into their system from external sources (Levinthal Marino 2016). Dynamic capabilities approach also enables effective and efficient internal coordination and integration of strategic assets, which, in the long run, can help to determine the forms performance. Research has indicated that special organizational routines for collecting and processing various pieces of information and coordinating factories and component suppliers are the key drivers of quality performance. Competitive advantage also calls for the integration of external activities and technologies in various forms including alliances and the virtual corporation (Levinthal Marino 2016). Limitations and Demerits While the dynamic capabilities approach can help organizations to reconfigure their assets and accomplish both internal and external transformation, the process is difficult to realize. Implementing the change process is incredibly costly. For this reason, firms are forced to develop processes to try to find high-payoff changes at an affordable rate. In addition, the capability to change relies on the firms ability to do several things effectively. A firm must be able to scan is business environment, evaluate the markets and be able to carry out reconfiguration and transformation far ahead of its competitors. If a firm fails to do these things quickly and at the right time, it cannot benefit from this approach (Framework for Dynamic Governance 2007; Weske 2012). If a company depends on assets that are uniquely valuable in combination, co-specialized assets, it might encounter a lot of problems with this approach. In this case, the coordination of tasks of management becomes extremely difficult; this requires managerial decisions to take the optimal configuration of all its assets into account. Sustainability Approach Sustainability management synthesizes the concept of sustainability with concepts of management. Sustainability is made up of three components, which are the environment, the economy, and the needs of both the present and future generations. Sustainability uses these three aspects to create the ability of a system to operate efficiently and maintain economic viability and also limit resource depletion with the aim of flourishing the needs of the present and future generations. With the definition of these concepts at hand, it can evident that the sustainable approach to management is the application of sustainable practices in the society, environment, personal life, agriculture, and business by in a way that take care of the needs of the current and future generations (The Oxford Handbook 2015). Benefits of Sustainable Approach This management approach is considered appropriate because of its ability to help maintain the quality of life on life. The sustainable approach is applicable in all spheres of life. For example, modern-day businesses need to implement systems that can enable to be sustainable. If this is not the case, just as the definition of sustainability goes, they will get out of business due to competition (Genus 2014; Morana 2013). Communities also need this management approach to be able to thrive. Communities need it because if they are to prosper, only sustainable management can work in their favor. Okumus (2010) says for natural resources such as forest and natural resources to continually cater for the needs of the future and current generations, they also need sustainable management. Peoples personal lives also need to be managed sustainably. For any organization, or individual, or society to succeed, they must make decisions that will sustain their immediate surroundings or managing individual emotional and physical well-being (On Competitiveness 2015). Help Control Issues and Plan Issues Sustainable approach creates the right platform for managers to be able to plan things in a proper way to ensure the things will benefit the situation that they are in-charge of. The manager is able to control issues and plan solutions that are sustainable. In this way, whatever the managers put in place will be for the benefit of not only the current generation but the future generations as well. The job of a sustainable manager, unlike other managers, involves managing systems that will support and sustain themselves (Cooper 2016). Limitations and Demerits Sustainability managers have a greater responsibility to take care of the needs of the current and future generations, a duty that other managers are often shy of taking. These managers must have many practical skills including seeing problems clearly, setting strategic goals, ability to plan, thinking outside the box, being proactive, and organizational skills. Additionally, sustainability managers should be able to teach and train their own teams, make tough decisions, take responsibility, and possess whole systems thinking (Cooper 2016). Boundaries of Accountability Too Fast In the current business world, businesses have to face off with environmentalist and these two groups often fail to reach a compromise. The tradeoffs are common because the boundaries of accountability are moving so fast. Business have to begin to implement system wide approaches that link in the numerous sections of the business with environmental needs (Baker Filbeck 2013: Alas Gao 2012). Since companies are socially based institutions, they struggle to project sustainability responsibility image for the public to see. This behavior can be a double-edged sword. Sometimes, these organizations focus too much on their image than implementing what they are communicating to the public. This behavior is referred to as green washing. Since it is essential that the execution of sustainable management practices should be embraces instead of an organization making strong attempt to appeal to the public, it is clear that this management approach is desirable but difficult to catch up with (Sustainable Development 2008). Conclusion The three major alternative approaches to strategic management, stakeholder approach, dynamic capabilities, and sustainable approach have many advantages as has been illustrated above using studies and examples. They can help improve organizational management. Shareholder primacy can generate opportunism and create some room for company directors to prefer making short-term maximized profits. The stakeholder approach is able to solve this problem. In addition, it can create a productive relationship between all the stakeholders. The dynamic capabilities approach is also useful for the success of organization as has been demonstrated by Apple and IBM. The successful implementation of the learning stage, acquisition of news assets, and transformation of existing assets are some of the most critical ways of developing corporate agility. Sustainability approach, other than taking care of all the other factors that other approaches do, it focuses on securing the future of the world. Notwi thstanding their limitations, organization should integrate all of them into their systems to reap the most benefits. Sustainability approach appears to be the most practical approach out of the three alternatives discussed in this paper. This management approach takes care of all stakeholders and also the future generation. References 15 Steps of strategic management for creating attractive strategic options 2015, Practical Strategic Management, 17-112, doi:10.1142/9789814641562_0002 Alas, R, Gao, J 2012, Crisis management, change management, and innovation management, Crisis Management in Chinese Organizations, 74-92. doi:10.1057/9780230363168_7 Baker, H K, Filbeck, G 2013, Portfolio theory and management, Portfolio Theory and Management, 1-20. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199829699.003.0001 Boutilier, R 2011, A stakeholder approach to issues management, doi:10.4128/9781606490983 Cooper, M 2016, Conclusions: The future of sustainable water management, Sustainable Water Management, 175-185, doi:10.1007/978-981-10-1204-4_12 Eckert, R 2016, Business innovation management and business innovation factory, Business Innovation Management, 209-248, doi:10.1007/978-3-658-13456-3_9 Framework for dynamic governance: institutionalizing culture, capabilities and change 2007, Dynamic Governance, 1-48, doi:10.1142/9789812771919_0001 Freeman, R 2009, Strategic management, doi:10.1017/cbo9781139192675 Genus, 2014, Governing Sustainability: A discourse-institutional approach, Sustainability, 6(1), 283-305, doi:10.3390/su6010283 Helfat, C 2013, How Apple and IBM Learned to Change With the Times, viewed May 19, 2017, https://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/economic-intelligence/2013/07/02/apple-and-ibm-show-the-power-of-dynamic-capabilities Hutterer, P 2012, Dynamic capabilities, Dynamic Capabilities and Innovationsstrategien, 181-244, doi:10.1007/978-3-658-01094-2_4 Levinthal, D A, Marino, A 2016, Organizational evolution and dynamic capabilities, Oxford Handbooks Online, doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199678914.013.010 Morana, J 2013, Sustainable supply chain management balanced scorecard, Sustainable Supply Chain Management, 139-165, doi:10.1002/9781118604069.ch4 Okumus, F 2010, Introduction to strategic management, Strategic Management for Hospitality and Tourism, 3-18, doi:10.1016/b978-0-7506-6522-3.00001-8 On Competitiveness: Nature as an obvious approach in sustainability 2015, Sustainability Calling, 157-161. doi:10.1002/9781119145356.part2 Porter, M E, Kramer, M 2012, Shared value: die brcke von corporate social responsibility zu corporate strategy, Corporate Social Responsibility, 137-153. doi:10, 1007/978-3-642-25399-7_9 Sustainable development and facilities management 2008, Sustainable Practice for the Facilities Manager, 1-48, doi:10.1002/9780470759677.ch1 The Oxford Handbook of Dynamic Capabilities 2015, Oxford Handbooks Online, doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199678914.001.0001 Waal, A 2013, Implementation of strategic performance management, Strategic Performance Management, 319-354, doi:10.1007/978-1-137-34918-7_13 Weske, M 2012, Business process management methodology, Business Process Management, 373-388, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-28616-2_8

The Kkk Essays - Anti-Catholicism In The United States, Ku Klux Klan

The Kkk The Ku Klux Klan, or KKK as known today, was started in the spring of 1866. Six Confederate veterans formed a social club in Pulaski, Tennessee. This KKK only lasted a short six years, but left tactics and rituals that later started in generations. (Ingalls, 9) The Klan was a small group very much in secrecy at first. The exact date of the beginning is unknown. Despite all of the secrecy the six KKK members initiated new members to join their social club. (Ingalls, 9) A year after the creation of the KKK, the onetime social club joined the raising campaign against the Republican Reconstruction. The new direction of the Klan was well planned and organized. The Klan was now ready to expand to a bigger group. The Klan adopted a prescript. This was an organizational structure allowing the Klan to spread across the south. New members had to be over 18, pay $1, sworn to secrecy, recruits pledged to protect the weak, the innocent, and the defenseless, from the indignities, wrongs, and outrages of the lawless, the violent, and the brutal. The highly centralized plan for expanding the KKK spread so rapidly that most chapters operated alone. The founders of the KKK lost control, and it became impossible to talk about a single KKK. Yet Klan activities still followed a common pattern throughout the south. (Ingalls 11-12) The Klan now started to spread across Tennessee. At first the Klan used tricks to keep blacks in their place. At first, the Klan would ride around on horses, and with their white robes, and white pointed masks, try to scare blacks. They would try to act like ghost with their white uniforms. Unfortunately, the Klan quickly moved to more violent pranks. (Ingalls, 12) The Klan would now suppress blacks. The Klan leaders proved unable to control their followers. Although the violence was often random, there was a method in the madness. The victims were almost always black or if white, associated with the hatred of the Republican party. The Klan had fear of black equality and sparked attacks on schools setup for freed slaves. The Klan would warn the blacks not to attend school, and would scare the teachers, most from out of state, to leave town. (Ingalls 12-13) Many groups started forming around the south called the Ku Kluxers. The Klan was being noticed as The Invisible Empire. However and wherever Klan's were formed they all followed the same pattern set by the Tennessee Klan. The Klan became the greatest terror in 1868, when their attacks were against Republicans and elect democrats. Thousands of blacks and whites fell victim to the murders and beatings given by the KKK. (Ingalls, 13) In 1869, General Forrest, the Grand Wizard of the KKK ordered Klansmen to restrict their activities. The Klan was getting out of control, and Congress passed a Ku Klux Klan Act in 1871. By the end of 1872, the federal crackdown had taken control of the KKK. Because of the restriction and the Act passed, violence was isolated but still continued. The KKK was dead, and Reconstruction lived on in southern legend . This would not be the last of the KKK. On the night of Thanksgiving in 1915, sixteen men from Atlanta, Georgia climbed to the top of Stone Mountain and built an altar of stones on which they placed an American flag. They then stood up a sixteen foot long cross and burned it. One week later, this group applied for a state charter making it The Knights of the KKK, Inc. This was put in effect during the Reconstruction. The new Klan at first received little attention. Only in time, it became the biggest and most powerful Klan in history. Klan membership was limited to native-born, white, Protestant American Men. The Klan message was clearly to appeal to people who were troubled by abrupt changes in American Society. (Ingalls, 16-17) Many believe that the biggest growth of the KKK began when Colonel Simmons, considerably the founder of the new KKK, linked up with Edward Young Clarke and Elizabeth Tyler. In June 1920, Clarke and Simmons signed a contract that guaranteed Clarke a share of Klan profits. Clarke and Tyler would receive a good amount of money for every new KKK member, which the fee would be $10.00, $4.00 went to the Kleagle (an official in the KKK), $1 went to the King Kleagle (state leader of the Klan), $.50 to the Grand Goblin, and $2.50 to Clarke and Tyler. The final $2.00

Co-Ed Dorms Essay Example

Co Co-Ed Dorms Essay Co-Ed Dorms Essay The question of whether universities should have co-ed dorms or not has been an ongoing discussion for years. Most college capuses have them for the dependcy of the the student. There are few colleges who don’t have co-ed dorms because of the insecure involvement of the students parents and also the cost of living. Although there are many disadvantages to having co-ed dorms, there are also mayn advantages which is why I agree with colleges having co-ed dorms. The parents of the students would probably rather have their children in all male/all female dorms. The feeling of their child’s security always rest in their mind. This is why they would feel more comfortable with their child being surrounded in a dormitory of the same sex. The students may think more of their freedom because of the bondage feeling they’ve always had throughout high school or being home schoolded. Most students just want to be looked as an independent person in life and living in a co-ed dorm is a way to start building their indepence. Whether it be to hang with a group of friends or have study sessions with classmates, everyone wants to be trusted to a certain extent. Students feel as though co-ed dorms allow them the freedom to do so. Even though there are negative aspects of co-ed dorms, the idea is not completely raw. Plenty people realize the irresponsibilities of students when being put in co-ed dorms. Students tend to focus mainly of the interaction of friends or significant others, their grades and school work eventually is put on the the back burner and pregnancy and STD rates seem to increase. Although all these are only a few negative things, its always best to focus on the bright side. Living in co-ed dorms helps increase the maturity level of some people, giving them the understanding that at a certain point in life, adult decisions will have to be made. Co-ed dorms are very efficient in this century.

Launching CPFR at Texan Foods Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Launching CPFR at Texan Foods - Assignment Example Traditionally the products were designed and manufactured by the manufacturing firms to be distributed by retailers and other agencies. This entailed only a very little communication between the manufacturer and the retailers. But the modern day business concepts have undergone tremendous changes with the relationships between different players of the industry are no longer defined by the old standards. In fact many retailers have begun manufacturing and many manufacturers have started their retail operations. Thus the traditional concept of supply chain model has been subjected to a radical change and it has become a supply complex. In order to obviate the complexities involved in the present day supply chain, CPFR acts as a transformational strategy. CPFR takes the business processes, people, and technology to higher levels of performance. The process of CPFR strives to promote "openness, information sharing, data exchange, visibility, and joint decisions". (Aghazadeh, Seyed-Mahmou d, 2003) Thus the ultimate aim of CPFR is being about total value chain collaboration among all the players in the supply chain who help to improve the value of the product to the end-customer. With this background this paper details of the challenges being faced by Texan Foods in the launching of full CPFR and also possible solutions for the effectiveness of the CPFR project. CPFR - an Overview "The concept of collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment has been promoted as a cure for what ails the food industry's supply chain." (Len Lewis 2007) CPFR has a greater role to play in the promotion of business for any business where there is a large network of supply chain is involved. The concept aims at improving the final value of the product at the hands of the customer. In this process the process links all the supply chain partners who have a role to play in improving the value. The use of the latest information technology is at the root of the success of any CPFR plan. Hence it is important that the companies collaborating with each other are technologically savvy. A definition of the process of CPFR goes like: "Collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment (CPFR) is an innovative and relatively new business process that allows supply chain partners to use their information technology for collaboration on forecasts of future demand, and for planning for future inventory replenishment. Usually, the partners involved in a CPFR initiative use the Internet to share data, exchange ideas, or otherwise collaborate with respect to inventory management tasks that are shared by the involved companies. At other times, the members of the alliance will meet in person to discuss various issues that arise in the weekly or monthly operation of CPFR." (Chad W. Autry) Texan Foods - A Background Texan Foods is a gourmet grocery chain founded in the year 1941 as a combination general store and family food market. Over the time the store developed into well-known medium sized grocery chain with about 65 store locations in South and Southwestern United States with most of the stores located in thickly populated areas. "The chain was known for the quality of its fresh produce, its wide variety

Jeffersonian Era Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jeffersonian Era - Essay Example Jefferson argued that the Court was a creation of the Constitution and to give it the power of judicial review would make "its discretion and not the Constitution the measure of its powers." He argued that when the federal government assumed a power not granted to it by the Constitution, each state, as a party to the constitutional compact, had a right to declare the law unconstitutional (see State Sovereignty and States' Rights). He also believed that each branch of the federal government had a coordinate right to resolve questions of constitutionality," ("Thomas Jefferson", p.1). This act taken, with the assistance of fellow politician James Madison, would serve to show Jefferson's view on judicial law, as well as the rights of states. The notion of the states being able to declare a law unconstitutional, if the federal government creates it through such means as assuming power not held within the Constitution, reaches into present day governing in the sense of the 'checks and balances system,' that exists in the present structure of the political system in all facets. Keeping with the notion that all branches of government is on equal footing and as such have the opportunity to answer issues having to do with how a decision, or decisions, fall into the overall framework of the constitutional document itself. As President, "The President's greatest triumph - and his greatest defeat - came in foreign affairs. Spain's cession of Louisiana and the port of New Orleans to France in 1800 posed a serious threat to American security, especially to the aspirations of the West. Jefferson skillfully negotiated this crisis. With the Louisiana Purchase (1803), America gained an uncharted domain of some 800,000 square miles, doubling its size, for $11,250,000. Even before the treaty was signed, Jefferson planned an expedition to explore this country. The Lewis and Clark expedition, like the Louisiana Purchase, was a spectacular consummation of Jefferson's western vision," ("Thomas Jefferson", p.1). With international relations being a pillar of any President's ability to govern skillfully, the acquisition of the Louisiana territory would bode well for Jefferson in this regard. In the current landscape of political campaigning and governance, current politicians promise numerous things. One of those such promises are that of the reduction in taxes for certain portions of the individual citizenry. As a way to revamp the tax system of the time, "When Thomas Jefferson was elected President in 1802, direct taxes were abolished and for the next 10 years there were no internal revenue taxes other than excises," ("Fact Sheets: Taxes", p.1). As taxes are the means of paying for necessary governmental services, there would be other options taken in response to the extraction of internal revenue taxes. Those being, "To raise money for the War of 1812, Congress imposed additional excise taxes, raised certain customs duties, and raised money by issuing Treasury notes. In 1817 Congress repealed these taxes, and for the next 44 years the Federal

Liberty of Conscience and Individuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Liberty of Conscience and Individuality - Essay Example He might have put much focus and contribution in his own country for his fellow countrymen, but this has influenced leadership of nations across the globe. The liberty of every person is an essential factor for governance; as one is able to demand their right as well as play a role in the way they are governed by freedom of speech and demonstration. In this essay am solely going to expound on what Mill advocated for in his quest for liberty in his country as its written in his book On liberty. Mill had a strong believe on the liberty of an individual and had his strong points to back his reasoning at such a time when many governments were transitioning and locked out any idea of a person trying to criticize or influence other citizens. One of his greatest opinions was on the fact that there should be different experiments of living. This was based on the fact that human beings are flawed in their way of acting and reasoning, but this should not be a determinant of what they could be permitted to do or not to do. He argued that opinions of any individual should be done in action as long they did not interfere with the lives of others around them. To him as long a person’s opinions could be freely formed and expressed, so should be his actions on the same opinion. According to Mill societies had to factor this opinion in action the same way they had considered it just as an opinion. He stated that if an individual chooses to follow his opinion in what he/ she believes is right, they should be allowed to put into action. Actions meant that an individual could do whatever he/ she values to be right and justified as long as they never complicate the lives of others around them. According to Mill, the process of taking opinions into another level which was action had to be acceptable by the fact that a number of characters about an individual are not likely to harm others around him/

Critically Evaluate The Operations Management Strategy Of Hard Rock Cafe Business Essay

Critically Evaluate The Operations Management Strategy Of Hard Rock Cafe Business Essay Introduction: Operations strategy is the collective concrete actions chosen, mandated, or stimulated by corporate strategy. It is, of course, implemented within the operations function. This operations strategy binds the various operations decisions and actions into a cohesive consistent response to competitive forces by linking firm policies, programs, systems, and actions into a systematic response to the competitive priorities chosen and communicated by the corporate or business strategy. In simpler terms, the operations strategy specifies how the firm will employ its operations capabilities to support the business strategy. Read more: Operations Strategy organization, system, examples, advantages, type, company, business, system, Key success factors, Distinctive competencies, Order winners/qualifiers, The need for an operations strategy http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Ob-Or/Operations-Strategy.html#ixzz183Y6GGZ7 The contents of all hard rock cafe operations management strategy is reflected in the strategic decision as follows: Design of Goods and Services. When customers come to the Hard Rock Cafe at any time, they have received excellent service. The Hard Rock Cafà ©s menu changes regularly to give customers the sense of taste and variety of food. The atmosphere is also frequently change over time. The products they sell are always best. For the design, creating products and services are organized and conducted by the three functions. These functions are really needed for the job not only producing products but also necessary for long-term survival of the business. Marketing: Not just providing products to consumers, Hard Rock Cafà © also know how to create demand and supply and service orders on a single product. Production / operation: On providing product delivery to the Hard Rock Cafà © where customers make orders when the customer needs and stay wherever the customer wants. Finance / Accounting: The supply of products to which customers are also simpler for customers to pay cash, and employees can get cash immediately to the bill from small orders, or customers can also use credit cards to pay for larger orders if necessary. Managing Quality Hard Rock cafe always attaches importance to product quality and service quality. In order for products and services better and better, they often set up surveys and solicit customers. This will also be integrated easily what customers like and dislike about products and their services, since there are additional changes to the better business to improve profitability. Process strategy Location strategies Layout of strategies Human resources Supply- chain Management Scheduling Maintenance - Operation Management strategy is the area concerned with the efficiency and effectiveness of the operation in support and development of the firms strategic goals. Other areas of concern to operations management include the design and operations of systems to provide goods and services. To put it succinctly, operations management is the planning, scheduling, and control of the activities that transform inputs (raw materials and labor) into outputs (finished goods and services). A set of recognized and well-developed concepts, tools, and techniques belong within the framework considered operations management. While the term operations management conjures up views of manufacturing environments, many of these concepts have been applied in service settings, with some of them actually developed specifically for service organizations. Operations management is also an academic field of study that focuses on the effective planning, scheduling, use, and control of a manufacturing or service firm and their operations. The field is a synthesis of concepts derived from design engineering, industrial engineering, management information systems, quality management, production management, inventory management, accounting, and other functions. The field of operations management has been gaining increased recognition over the last two decades. One major reason for this is public awareness of the success of Japanese manufacturers and the perception that the quality of many Japanese products is superior to that of American manufacturers. As a result, many businesses have come to realize that the operations function is just as important to their firm as finance and marketing. In concert with this, firms now realize that in order to effectively compete in a global market they must have an operations strategy to support the mission of the firm and its overall corporate strategy. Another reason for greater awareness of operations management is the increased application of operations management concepts and techniques to service operations. Finally, operations management concepts are being applied to other functional areas such as marketing and human resources. The term marketing/operations interface is often used. Read more: Operations Management strategy, levels, manager, model, business, History of operations management, What do operations managers do? http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Ob-Or/Operations-Management.html#ixzz17PkUiNy3 Evaluate the challenges posed by globalisation on the role of Operations Management in terms of facility location, cultural differences, distance working, the management of staff and supply chain vulnerability./ Ä Ãƒ ¡nh già ¡ nhà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¯ng thà ¡ch thà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ©c Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ·t ra bà ¡Ã‚ »Ã… ¸i toà  n cà ¡Ã‚ ºu hà ³a và ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚  vai trà ² cà ¡Ã‚ »a hoà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡t Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢ng quà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £n là ½ và ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚  và ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ trà ­ cÆ ¡ sà ¡Ã‚ »Ã… ¸, khà ¡c bià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡t văn hà ³a, là  m vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡c tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ « xa, quà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £n là ½ nhà ¢n vià ªn và   dà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ bà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¢n thÆ °Ãƒâ€ Ã‚ ¡ng dà ¢y chuyà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ n cung à ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ©ng. In this context the Hard Rock Cafà © is a global company to provide the well being of society. These products take on a multitude of forms. These firms produce thousands of complex products every day- to be delivered as the customer ordered them and where the customer want them. Critically examine the contribution of Operations Management to a sustainable organisation in areas such as purchasing supply, transformation and logistics. Cà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ±c kià ¡Ã‚ »Ã†â€™m tra sà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ± Ä‘Ã ³ng gà ³p cà ¡Ã‚ »a hoà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡t Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢ng quà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £n là ½ cho mà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢t tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ chà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ©c bà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ n và ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¯ng trong cà ¡c lÄ ©nh và ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ±c nhÆ ° mua và   cung cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥p, chuyà ¡Ã‚ »Ã†â€™n Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¢i và   hà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ­u cà ¡Ã‚ ºn Apply project management techniques and methods to Operations Management design, development and implementation activities./ à p dà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¥ng quà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £n là ½ dà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ± à ¡n kà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¹ thuà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ­t và   phÆ °Ãƒâ€ Ã‚ ¡ng phà ¡p hoà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡t Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢ng quà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £n là ½ hoà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡t Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢ng thià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿t kà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿, phà ¡t trià ¡Ã‚ »Ã†â€™n và   thà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ±c hià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡n Critically reflect on international transportation methods and their contribution to Operations efficiency./ Cà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ±c phà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £n à ¡nh và ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚  cà ¡c phÆ °Ãƒâ€ Ã‚ ¡ng phà ¡p và ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ­n tà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £i quà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœc tà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿ và   Ä‘Ã ³ng gà ³p cà ¡Ã‚ »a hà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚  Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã†â€™ hoà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡t Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢ng hià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡u quà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £ Evaluate the impact of risk management policies and techniques on Operations Management strategic and day to day activities./ Ä Ãƒ ¡nh già ¡ tà ¡c Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢ng cà ¡Ã‚ »a chà ­nh sà ¡ch quà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £n là ½ rà ¡Ã‚ »i ro và   cà ¡c kà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¹ thuà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ­t và ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚  hoà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡t Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢ng quà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £n là ½ chià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿n lÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ £c và   hoà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡t Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢ng hà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ±ng ngà  y. Evaluate the contribution of IT to supply chain efficiency and effectiveness/ Ä Ãƒ ¡nh già ¡ sà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ± Ä‘Ã ³ng gà ³p cà ¡Ã‚ »a CNTT Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã†â€™ cung cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥p hià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡u quà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £ dà ¢y chuyà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ n và   hià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡u quà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £ 10 Operation Management Strategy Decisions: Design of goods and services Managing Quality Process strategy Location strategies Layout of strategies Human resources Supply- chain Management Scheduling Maintenance Qs 2: In the light of the above, discuss the operations management challenges and opportunities for Hard Rock when considering an expansion of its business into Hanoi. Ans

Smacdata Systems :: essays papers

Smacdata Systems It was hard to sleep, even though I was exhausted. For approximately a year and a half I was employed with a small PC manufacturing company, SmacData. Until my supervisor resigned it was a great job. Immediately after he resigned business quadrupled, we landed our first contract to build thousands of PC's. In the past we only built a few hundred PC's a month. This would have been a great opportunity, except for the presidents philosophy to work a few people to death at low wages and then hire fresh pe ople. At this time I had to decide whether to find a better job, quit , or stay and suffer. At first I really made an effort to manage everything, but when there was not a crisis, or constant chaos and production was under control; management thought that was the sign they where not pushing hard enough. In addition they were hiring people with little or no qualifications to assemble and service PC's. Of which I was responsible for the finished quality and the speed of production. I was working long hours seven days a week. It was very difficult to manage and train incompetent, and uninterest ed persons. On top of this some of the new employees would steal computer parts. This created an environment of constant scandal and accusation. If I ran short of worries I would entertain the thought of being accused of stealing and the police taking me away. Other stress creators included the companies habit of selling remanufactured parts as new, often times the quality of these parts was less than used parts. The better part of my job was becoming damage control as a result of these unscrupulous practices. It was at this point that I was losing sleep or not sleeping at all. Another trait of my new coworkers, was that they were very friendly to my face but behind closed doors they would do or say anything in their power to go against me or cause problems. Even so, most of the time my coworkers where manageable. Management had spent years perfecting the techniques of back stabbing, ways to cause discord, and fighting among employees. All of these issues made me seriously consider resigning. Unemployed I would be unable to pay my bills, and considerable debt. I was living on my own since I started at SmacData. During this same times my parents where in the process of

Effectiveness Of Approaches To Teaching And Learning Strategies In Your Subject Area

Evaluate the effectiveness of approaches to teaching and learning strategies in your subject area in meeting the needs of learners. Your response should include an examination of how these could be improved or enhanced and how college management could be involved in making such improvements / enhancements? For my class it is vital to identify the most appropriate level of the course for the learner. Also, the students should know what exceptions and the regulations they need to follow.For that the college could train staff to present the high quality initial assessment and induction to ensure the management of the class is of high standard. I need to make sure students with different learning styles; visual, aural, reading/writing and kinetics, can meet my learning objectives. The students perform better and learn better with information or in tasks that reflect their particular style of learning, so knowledge of students’ learning styles make the teaching more inclusive. To a ddress these different learning styles I convey information in different ways e. g.diagrams, speech, text, discussion, practical tasks etc. I use multimedia technologies such as videos or audio, podcasts and screencasts in lectures and make them available on MOLE. I participate in improvement of documents available electronically so that students can modify them to meet their needs and to read at their own pace. I look friendly to make it easier for learners to approach me and explain how their disability might affect the way they learn, as students with dyslexia might have different needs. Also, I plan differentiated activities and a variety of tasks to cater for the needs of individual learners.For example in one lesson, I engage an adult learner, with prolong absence from learning, to practice in a recent and up-to-date science subject area whilst the rest of the class needs to practice in science technical or laboratory area. All these plans require financial support from the Co llege; for example for better quality of the presentation or to provide extra equipment or broad range of assistive technologies and study support. International students and less able learners are more engaged in the class when I use simplified scientific information to meet their needs.Extra lesson, on-line lectures or private tutor provided from college might enhance their learning ability. The IT department might help for the preparation of special learning activities for partially sighted, blind or deaf students. The college should make opportunities for students to receive disability awareness training about equality of opportunity as part of Personal Development Planning. I participate in school training in matters related to disability awareness and support that provide clear relevant resources and guidance.For example I should know how to communicate with a dyslexia learner in a positive way in the context of HE. I regularly participate in departmental or teaching committee meetings to discuss and review disabilities issues. I make sure the learners received high quality induction information about the inclusive strategies and I will discuss with college about the reasonable adjustments that should be made for the disabled students within my class, at College or while they are on school trip; for example for their health and safety arrangements in a work placement.If any support teachers or guest lecturers are delivering my scientific sessions I will discuss with head of college to make ensure that they are aware of the needs of disable learners including those with dyslexia. I will also request for right training needed to be given to laboratory assistants and demonstrators to support the disable learners. The college could consider introducing self-supporting study groups for students or facilitating mentoring support from students with dyslexia who are already achieving in a higher year of study.The college might improve learning ability of the les s able students by providing a personal digital assistant, a non-medical helper, electronic organiser, laptop or tablet PC with assistive technologies such as text-to-speech and mind mapping software. The college should ensure that lectures, seminars and fieldwork planning activities are supported with good quality handouts and electronic versions. Asthma triggers in the environment might lead to an asthma attack.Ensure that staff are briefed on the health and safety issues for students with asthma, and that these are properly monitored and special attention must be given to the cleanliness of laboratories and workshops. School can allow dyslexia students to use of an amanuensis scribe or a computer in examinations for spell checker and dictation software. It is important to update teaching strategies to support learning and minimise the impact of disabilities including dyslexia. I consider the learners point of view for my range of teaching methods and learning styles. I use wider range of teaching and learning styles.I use more practical methods of teaching for the learners to make the session more interesting and to engage and motivate learners. For future detailed preparation of the subject area I use feedback that I receive from learners about the changes in my session to identify their style of interest and level of their understanding about my subject area because this will likely to increase their engagement during the lesson. As a result, learners will be more focused during discussions, they will answer the questions correctly and they will be more engaged during the lesson.

Judaism and Christianity Essay

What beliefs and practices does Islam share with Judaism and Christianity? Specify what is distinctive about the Islamic form of those beliefs and practices. The relationships between Islam, Judaism and Christianity in the later parts of the 20th century appear to have improved as well as worsened from different perspectives as compared to any other period in history. A noteworthy aspect of the current relationships is that Muslims are now engaged in dialogues with Christians and Jews. Islam is now the fastest growing religion in the world and Muslim leaders and clerics can be observed functioning together with ministers, priests and rabbis in several religious endeavors. However, the three religions continue to have major differences and are engaged in nationalist and territorial conflicts that have gradually been characterized with religious or sectarian differences. This paper makes an analysis of the beliefs and practices that Islam shares with Christianity and Judaism because the misunderstandings between the three religions can be resolved only in recognizing that they have the same roots and share several social and religious pract ices. Islam is a monotheistic religion and is the second biggest in the world after Christianity. The religion has its origin in the Middle East and has several customs and beliefs that are the same as Christianity and Judaism. These three religions are commonly referred to as the Abrahamic religions; they believe in one God and trace their lineage from the Prophet Ibrahim, as evident in the Hebrew. Islam, Christianity and Judaism believe there is only one God who is the creator of all things that exist in the world and He is the one who takes care of every living being. The three religions provide that God believes in justice and He has established fundamental rules in guiding people about how they can become virtuous and honorable in complying with His intentions. The three religions hold that God believes in mercy and that with His grace people get the power to become more like what is desired of them to become (Wells, 2011). Islam, along with Christianity and Judaism, holds that all human beings are Ibrahim’s children and are the most capable living beings on Earth. Human beings were created with an element of mystery in being given immense potential to grow constantly, individually as well as a species. When people strive towards achieving good, righteous and loving qualities they transform into what God desired them to become. If such freedom is misused and others are harmed with one’s actions, it implies that such people are transgressing God’s will, which makes them evil. The three religions believe that it is possible for every individual to seek God’s help in achieving the capability to ward off evil influences. Eventually, the message in all three religions is to be devoted and obedient to God (Los Angeles Chinese Learning Center, 2012). In being monotheistic, the three religions are different from Buddhism and Hinduism. They share common beliefs about history being the arena of God’s activities and His encounters with human beings, Satan, angels, heavenly revelation and prophets. All three religions focus on t he importance of Judgment Day, accountability, responsibility and perpetual rewards and punishments. The three religions give immense importance to peace, which is evident from historical patterns of greeting one another, implying Peace Be Upon You, beginning with Assalamalaikim in Islam, with pax vobisum in Christianity and salom aleicham in Judaism. However, such greetings of peace have primarily pertained to greeting one another in a given community or society. All three religions believe that it is essential to engage in holy wars to espouse the cause of empires and to protect societies. The relationships between religion and politics is apparent in the present times also although in different ways, such as the circumstances that prevail in present day Israel, Palestine, Middle East and other parts of the world. All the three religions share the same ancestry and believe in scriptures that were delivered through heaven. They have similar religious practices and rites relative to charity and regular prayers, value of pilgrimage and common holy places. The three religions give the promise that appropriate behaviors will be rewarded and inappropriate behaviors will be punished in life as well as in the afterlife. They balance and integrate many elements of piety, devotion, legalism and mysticism and appear to be suitable in co-existing mutually in reinforcing one another (Peters, 1990). Islam has similarity with Judaism in regard to the focus on practice instead of beliefs. The main basis of religious obedience in Islam and Judaism is religious law, while in Christianity the focus is on theology. Across history, the main differences between Islam and Judaism have pertained to disagreement of religious practices and religious law. The disputes between Islam and Christianity have pertained primarily to the divide amongst communities about theological belief systems, relative to the relationships between divine and human characteristics. Christianity and Judaism are given special consideration in Islam in view of the Islamic beliefs that God had conveyed His will through His Prophets, namely Ibrahim, Moses and Jesus. In this regard, the Quran specifically states that God revealed his will throug h Ibrahim, Ismail and their progeny, as well as through Moses and Jesus. There is no difference amongst them and in what they say, which is why Muslims adhere to what was said by these Prophets (Newby, 1996). Islam and the Quran hold that Christians and Jews are Ibrahim’s children and relate to them as people of the book (Esposito, 2011). This is because the three religions originate from the same lineage of Ibrahim. Muslims trace their lineage from Ibrahim and his servant Hagar, while Christians and Jews trace their lineage from Ibrahim and his spouse Sarah. Muslims hold that God’s revelation in the form of the Torah was first delivered to the Jews by Prophet Moses and later to Christians by the Prophet Jesus. Muslims are in agreement about some biblical prophets such as Jesus and Moses and use their names as Isa and Musa respectively (Hipps et al, 2003). They also use the Virgin Mary’s name as Mariam and it is evident that her name appears more frequently in the Quran than in the New Testament. Muslims do not refute the status of Virgin Mary and Jesus’ virgin birth but they hold that in due course, over the centuries, the original revelation as made to Jesus and Moses became despoiled. Muslims view the Old Testament as a mix of human manufacture and of God’s messages. They hold the same views about the New Testament and believe that doctrines referring to Jesus as the Son of God are erroneous without any truth. They do not believe that the death of Jesus represented the redemption and atonement for mankind’s sins. It is apparent that Islam, Christianity and Judaism have some common roots and share several common practices. This is because they are all having the same Abrahamic heritage. Islam, Christianity and Judaism are monotheistic religions as they believe in a single God in focusing on the unity and oneness of God. The confirmation of one God in Christianity has been often debated because of its adherence to the Holy Trinity but this cannot be considered as a refutation of monotheism. It is only an acknowledgement of the ways in which God is viewed because in Christianity the Divine Being is God. Islam, Christianity and Judaism hold that God is the source and foundation of all that exists in the world and takes care of all His creations in ensuring their wellbeing. All the three religions confirm that people are governed and guided by basic rules that make them take the right path and become righteous in complying with God’s will. References 1. Esposito, John L. (2011). What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam, Oxford University Press. 2. Hipps, Amelia., Kayanaugh, Dorothy., and Khaled Abou El Fadl. (2003). Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Mason Crest Publishers. |Los Angeles Chinese Learning Center. (2012). Judaism, Christianity and Islam: Similarities, | |http://chinese-school.netfirms.com/Judaism-Christianity-Islam.html, Accessed on 16 October, 2012. | |Newby, Gordon. (1996). Muslim, Jews and Christians – Relations and Interactions,The Muslim Almanac, Gale Research Inc, Detroit, p.423-429. | |Peters, F. E. (1990). Judaism, Christianity, and Islam,Volume 1: From Covenant to Community, Princeton University Press | |Wells, Mark. (2011). Comparison of Islam, Judaism and Christianity, http://smileyandwest.ning.com, Accessed on 16 October, 2012 | | |

Free Essays on The Problem of Software Piracy

INTRODUCTION The popular conception of software piracy is that it is the activity of a minority of isolated pirate-hobbyists, copying and trading software for their personal consumption. Microsoft's allegations reflect a reality that software piracy has expanded from the bedrooms of computer wiz kids to a global trade in stolen software accounting for untold billions of dollars in lost revenue to the software industry. But Microsoft's statement is even more telling, in that it indicates the impact of software piracy goes far beyond lost income for software company shareholders. It affects lost jobs in local economies, lost tax revenues to governments, and decreased quality and increased prices for consumers whether private individuals, educational institutions, or businesses. In order to study the complex problem of software piracy, we intend to conduct a five step ethical analysis. We will begin by stating the facts. We will pay close attention to who did what to whom, how much, and how much it really costs. We will also describe the economic and legal environment of the issue. Second, we will describe the conflict. We will describe the competing higher order values. Next, we will identify the stakeholders. Beyond the immediate contestants in this conflict, there are others who have a vested interested in the outcome. Fourthly, it will be necessary to define possible options to mitigate the conflict. Finally, we'll need to describe the consequences of each possible resolution, so we might arrive at a reasonable recommendation. After discussing the ethical analysis I have described the extent and nature of piracy in chapter 2. Chapter 3 is consisting of the potential effectiveness and attempts to stop it. Chapter 4 is based on a question that can software producer still turn a profit without worrying about piracy? And finally chapter 5 explores the Business Software Alliance’s (BSA) Software Policy and the law. ... Free Essays on The Problem of Software Piracy Free Essays on The Problem of Software Piracy INTRODUCTION The popular conception of software piracy is that it is the activity of a minority of isolated pirate-hobbyists, copying and trading software for their personal consumption. Microsoft's allegations reflect a reality that software piracy has expanded from the bedrooms of computer wiz kids to a global trade in stolen software accounting for untold billions of dollars in lost revenue to the software industry. But Microsoft's statement is even more telling, in that it indicates the impact of software piracy goes far beyond lost income for software company shareholders. It affects lost jobs in local economies, lost tax revenues to governments, and decreased quality and increased prices for consumers whether private individuals, educational institutions, or businesses. In order to study the complex problem of software piracy, we intend to conduct a five step ethical analysis. We will begin by stating the facts. We will pay close attention to who did what to whom, how much, and how much it really costs. We will also describe the economic and legal environment of the issue. Second, we will describe the conflict. We will describe the competing higher order values. Next, we will identify the stakeholders. Beyond the immediate contestants in this conflict, there are others who have a vested interested in the outcome. Fourthly, it will be necessary to define possible options to mitigate the conflict. Finally, we'll need to describe the consequences of each possible resolution, so we might arrive at a reasonable recommendation. After discussing the ethical analysis I have described the extent and nature of piracy in chapter 2. Chapter 3 is consisting of the potential effectiveness and attempts to stop it. Chapter 4 is based on a question that can software producer still turn a profit without worrying about piracy? And finally chapter 5 explores the Business Software Alliance’s (BSA) Software Policy and the law. ...

Global Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Communication - Essay Example 2.1 Validation of Geert Hofstede’s broad classification is the main purpose of this report, and interviews were conducted to collect specific data that either supports or rejects his research work and to draw appropriate conclusions. 2.2 Two Indian and one American students have been selected for this project since their cultural background is significantly different from my native Kazakhstan as well as that which obtains in England, the place of my studies and where I am already exposed to the local culture. Further, India was under the influence of England for nearly two centuries and this opportunity will help to understand if it left a lasting influence on the culture of Indians. 2.4 Keeping in mind the four broad cultural classifications formulated by Geert Hofstede, the questions have been framed. These broad classifications are summed up as follows (Geert Hofstede, cyborlink, 2008): 2.4.3 Masculinity (MAS): High and low masculinity. Aggressive attitudes and high belief in one’s abilities characterise male behaviour in a society with high MAS, while females tend to believe more in destiny, religion and belief in the traditional wisdom. 2.4.4 Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI): High or low UAI, denoting the level of tolerance to unstructured situations, ambiguity and uncertainties. Low denotes higher tolerance for variety of opinions, less rule-oriented and greater risk taking appetite. 2.5 For each of the Hofstede dimensions as briefly noted above, three main questions have been framed and the three students were interviewed with the same set of questions in order to eliminate any bias on my part in conducting the research work. These questions are designed to draw out not only broad opinions but also individual preferences since culture is a common denominator of individual behaviours only. The PDI examines the individual in the broader

Interview Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Interview Analysis - Essay Example In some instances, the teacher encountered difficulties training children who were blind since only a minimal number of languages are in Braille. At such times, the teachers were forced to seek the services of Braille translators who, in turn, used computers. However, technological advancements have significantly reduced this problem since technology affords ELLs suffering from diverse disabilities the opportunity to learn at a similar pace as those without disabilities. From the interview, it became quite clear that ELL students’ learning capabilities are profoundly impacted by their cultural backgrounds. This is primarily because the cultural worlds in which culturally diverse students live encourage different attitudes, beliefs and emphasize diverse learning skills. As a consequence of this diversity, the impact on the learning abilities of ELLs is rather massive. A vast majority of schools often fail to pay close attention to the differences between children, for instance, their beliefs, traditional practices and experiences, and this, in turn, proves detrimental to the students’ abilities to learn since it reduces the teachers’ capabilities to teach them effectively (Shatz & Wikinson, 2011). ... This is primarily because technology has the distinct capacity to ease the process of educating disabled ELLs and make it easy for them to benefit from the technology, particularly in terms of understanding lesson content and facilitating effective assessment. The school, in this case, makes use of a number of procedures and policies, which have proven to be effectual in terms of teaching ELLs. The school typically begins by identifying students who fit the ELL threshold. After identification, the school’s policy requires teachers to assess such students, taking into consideration both their preferential language and English language proficiency. In essence, the school conforms to standard strategies for the identification and assessment of ELLs (Shatz & Wikinson, 2011). In addition, the school makes use of language assessments regarding both the students’ English and preferred languages to ascertain the students’ individual abilities, as well as development in a ll relevant areas of learning such as reading, listening, writing and speaking (Shatz & Wikinson, 2011). However, in order to supplement information acquired from these assessments, schools and teachers typically seek information from bilingual clinicians, parents and guardians and bilingual and ESL teachers, as well as other education stakeholders who provide sociocultural information, as well as academic test data. This information is of critical importance to the education of ELL since it enables teachers appreciate the students’ strongest and weakest points and tailor instruction to maximize learning effectiveness. Notably, a vast majority of ELLs present similar challenges in terms of their learning abilities. Teachers encounter

Magodi project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Magodi project - Essay Example .higher level of employees involve more in mental calculation while physical jobs are take up by lower level workers. The objective of the work is a key element and should be given utmost importance. It is the most important planning aid which assists an organization in achieving success. An objective has more importance than a goal and a manager should be keen on this aspect. Operational need is also an important aspect to be considered before a certain job or work plan is drawn into action. This concentrate on different activities to be carried out to make the plan successful. The resources needed to fulfill a particular work are materialized and plans are made to put them in practice. Efficiency of the worker and the plan has a great role to play. The machines and equipments involved in the work should be of high quality so that minimal energy is consumed with high out put. Workers have to be efficient in their field of activity. A good organization of the activities will ensure more efficiency in the working plans. The plans should be studied intensively and negative and positive activities have to thoroughly check before implication. Time has to be utilized well and there should be good quality of communication between all people involved in the work plan. Cost factor is a major element to be given utmost importance. The plan should be economical and should not impose great financial burden on the firm. A proper estimation has to conduct in order to find the costs involved and their respective outcome. Cost refers to the value of the resource spend on particular activities involved in the business. Cost involved in the process of work should be studied with the aid of professionals and estimation should be created. â€Å"Cost-effectiveness values are a useful tool for comparing the relative merits of Consultation is to be done before initiating any plan or work. The appropriate professionals have to approach to take valuable advice and

Why Golf Is a Sport Essay Example for Free

Why Golf Is a Sport Essay A matter of opinion has separated a variety of sports enthusiasts apart, due to the ongoing debate of whether golf is a sport or simply a skill. Famed golfer Arnold Palmer declared, â€Å"Golf is deceptively simple and endlessly complicated; it satisfies the soul and frustrates the intellect. It is at the same time rewarding and maddening – and it is without a doubt the greatest game mankind has ever invented. (ThinkQuest. com)† These words state what every athlete experiences and feels when he/she is turning a double play, making the game winning three point shot, or throwing a hail mary pass for a touchdown. Golfers are athletes too, they train for that big moment just like any other athlete, but they do it individually and gain the glory for themselves. Golf has increasingly become known not as a sport, but as a skill, which is a huge misconception that I intend to set the facts straight. The definition of a sport is narrowly defined, and to one its own opinion, but Golf is a competition just like every other sport, winning is its pinnacle. Golf requires the number one characteristic that is vital to all sports – hand-eye coordination. These men and women use their athletic ability to reach the top of their game. Golf takes sports to a different level and is played on its own terms. To each his own opinion, but why has the definition of â€Å"a sport† being termed as so narrowly? The NCAA defines a sport as: An institutional activity involving physical exertion with the purpose of competition versus other teams or individuals within a collegiate competition structure. Furthermore, sport includes regularly scheduled team and/or individual, head-to-head competition (at least five) within a defined competitive season(s); and standardized rules with rating/scoring systems ratified by official regulatory agencies and governing bodies. Baseball, basketball, football, hockey, and even golf display these qualities of what is defined as a sport. There has been a considerable amount of people who tend to disclose golf as a sport, only a skill or activity. Yet, many people object the physical exertion aspect with golf, that it does not require any. These objectors who say golf should not be included in that defined group are ignorant to athletics and its regulations. My definition of a sport is a competition that involves athletes who play to win within a certain structure of rules and regulations. Anyone can be an athlete; they do not have to be good to play a sport, as long as they try with some effort. A sport requires certain qualities of an individual too that it can not be without. Hand-eye coordination is vital to every sport out there. A basketball player has to shoot the ball into the hoop, a football player has to throw the ball to an open receiver, a baseball player has to swing a bat to hit a 95 mile per hour fastball, and golfers have to swing their club and hit a tiny ball a couple hundred yards. It is the number one aspect that is required in all sports. Although it is common to associate sports with many other qualities. The â€Å"manly† qualities of other sports such as cheerleaders and fights usually are not included in golf, some figure because it is missing these qualities, that it should not even be considered a sport. â€Å"Cheerleaders are important to sports. They keep the crowd excited; they keep the participants enthused about winning; and they give you something else to look at when the action on the field of play grinds to a halt. With golf theres not a lot of action to begin with. (Irvin)† Although golf is missing the appendages that invigorate other sports with such audacity, the onlookers respect their golfers need for silence and concentration. It is a sport which requires a massive amount of concentration, just like any other sport. Irvin states his idea that cheerleaders are important to sports, when in fact; cheerleading has nothing to do at all with the style of play. He is right that they keep the crowd excited, but that is the only reason why they are there, they do not play, they yell and dance. It makes me wonder why one would think that Golf needs to have cheerleaders to keep the crowd excited when the golfers need a massive amount of concentration. Yet regular sports fans forget that each sport is different, and that is what makes them stand out and appeal to others. Golf does not appeal to some, but a lot of people play the sport religiously, reason being – one does not have to be the typical in shape athlete that most are. Golfers are athletes too, and train to be good ones. Swinging a club and hitting a ball three hundred plus yards requires muscle strength in the torso and upper body. Golfers are just the kind of athletes who do not need to negotiate long-term big money contracts, and scratch themselves while being interviewed after play is over (Lowe). Golf is not a team sport either; it is an individual sport and the glory is captured for them, and they take pride and honor after an amazing feat as any athlete would. The honor and competitiveness of this sport has trickled down to the much supportive fan base. After exposing the truths and presenting evidence about one of the greatest sports ever to be played, we can no longer dispute golf as just a skill or activity, but declare Golf a real sport. It is important to sports enthusiasts everywhere that they have to look beyond the typical definition of a sport and expand their minds. Golfers are athletes too, playing for the top prize every time they step onto the course. Golf is gaining popularity by the second, no longer can it be said to be â€Å"not a real sport†. Golf justifies what every sport should be, the way it is played, the professional maturity that every golfer shows, and competition. Merriam Webster defines a sport as 1): physical activity engaged in for pleasure (2): a particular activity (as an athletic game) so engaged in. Golf qualifies as a sport according to this definition and until it is changed, it will remain one of the legendary sports to play.

Comparison of Chicken Feed Effects on Development

Comparison of Chicken Feed Effects on Development All six significant domesticated agricultural animals today chicken, cow, goat, horse, pig and sheep had been domesticated in Eurasia by 5000 BP. (Thompson, 2002) The earliest evidence of domestication of chickens relies on interpretation of archaeological discoveries of bones and artefacts. (Crawford, 2003) Archaeological discoveries in China indicate that chickens had been domesticated by 5400 B.C. (Crawford, 2003) People of Cishan Culture (Neolithic Yellow River culture in northern China) had chickens then, but it is not known whether these birds made much contribution to modern domestic fowl. (Crawford, 2003) The jungle fowl (G. gallus), has without a doubt been a major contributor to domestic fowl (Crawford, 2003). The chicken (Gallus, gallus or Gallus domesticus) is generally considered to have evolved from the jungle fowl (G. gallus). (Kennth Kriemhild, 2000) The jungle fowl (G. gallus) ranges throughout the area between eastern India and Java. (Kennth Kriemhild, 2000) There are four key steps to domesticating poultry which were that in early stages of domestication poultry had to forage on their own. (Crawford, 2003) They had to be able to reproduce in captivity (Crawford 2003) the ability to imprint was important in initial taming. (Crawford 2003) and the species had to have a social order that allowed the keeping of large numbers of individuals. (Crawford, 2003) The main role of chickens now is to produce eggs and meet for the market. In 2004/2005 the gross value of production in Australia for the chicken meat and egg industries was estimated at approximately $1.3 billion. (Department of Primary Industries, 2008) Poultry meat is now the most consumed meat in Australia. . (Department of Primary Industries, 2008) Although chickens are strongly associated with egg production, they also have very different associations. (Kennth Kriemhild, 2000) In much of Southeast and East Asia they have been bred both for fighting and as a decoration. (Kennth Kriemhild, 2000) There are four different types of poultry enterprises: broilers (production of chicken for meat), layers (birds producing table eggs), rearing farms (production of point of lay pullets) and breeder farms. (Department of Primary Industries, 2008) The layout of the shed and type of housing differs between the types of poultry operation. (Department of Primary Industries, 2008) The aims of this experiment are to monitor and assess the development of chickens on different feeds using a feed conversion ratio, and to observe and describe their physical and behavioural development over time. On appointed days chickens were to be fed and given water on a daily basis. Excess foods were weighed and recorded so ratios could be calculated and obtained. Chickens were weighed on a weekly basis, on Wednesdays, so that the calculation of growth rate could be put monitored and observed. Along with this observations were made of chickens on various days, if not everyday for behavioural studying purposes. It was hypothesised that chickens fed on broiler feed would have a greater weight gain than chickens fed on layer feed over the 5 week period. METHODS The chickens were obtained from a poultry farm known officially as Wagners Poultry Enterprises. The chickens given were White Leghorn cross New Hampshire at the age of one or two days old. The chickens were divided into groups of six and student groups of approximately sixteen students were assigned to one group of chickens each. Chickens were placed in pens and in turn students were assigned to the pens where the chickens were kept through out the five week duration. The chickens pens located at La Trobe Universitys Agricultural Reserved housed a total of twelve chicken pens. The type of feed given to the chickens was decided by the group number the pen was given. Groups assigned to even number pens were to feed their chickens broiler feed, brand named Brastoc Turkey and Meat Chicken Starter, and odd numbered pens were to feed their chickens layer feed, Barastoc Pullet Starter. The pens were isolated, self-contained and about 1 x 1 x 2 m in size. The floor of the pens was concrete which was covered in black lining and contained a sawdust base. The top of the pen had a plastic mesh over it to prevent escape. The chickens were provided with heat lamps, feeders and water dispensers all attached to a chain and hooked to a pole above the mesh. The feeders and water dispensers along with the heat lamps were adjusted in accordance with the chickens age. Observations were carried out as much as possible, sometimes even twice in the one day, but generally all days except Tuesday was observed in accordance with the students university timetable and their availability. The duration of the observations under went intervals of fifteen minutes, where all aspects of behaviour and development were documented. Observations were done under the least amount of outside influence as possible, in respect to this only two students were allowed in the shed where the chicken pens were being kept and students were encouraged to keep noise to a minimum. As the weeks went on chickens behaviour that was recorded included those such as grooming, resting, drinking, interacting, alarming, ambulatory and aggressive. Above all the behavioural and developing attributes the hierarchy if any of chicken formation was also documented. All observations were recorded and documented into a plain exercise book by each student of the group, with clear indication of whom the observations were done by. Chickens were feed every second day, Monday, Wednesday and Friday, with enough food given on each day to last the chickens for days not fed and on Fridays for the weekend. Initially a total of 240g were placed in the feed dispensers to accommodate the 20g required for each individual chicken and to compensate for the day the chickens would not be fed. The amount given to the chickens on feeding days was adjusted to accommodate for their growth further along in the project. Along with accommodating for the size of chickens the amount of feed to be given to chickens in further weeks was also based upon amount of feed offered and refused, all of which was weighed and kept a record of. Food was weighed on an electric scale in a container provided. The amount of food given and refused was always recorded on a sheet given to us indicating the date and feed given and refused. The sheet was stored along with our observation book, hooked onto a nail on the outside of the allocated chicken pen. Chickens were checked on a daily basis and were given fresh water daily if needed, except for weekends, providing the chickens with fresh drinking water. Replenishment of water was recorded alongside on the same sheet of paper where the feed record was being kept. Table 1. A timetable showing jobs carried out each day over the 5 week period Monday Feed, water check and observations Tuesday Water and chicken check Wednesday Feeding, weighing, water check and observations Thursday Observation, chicken and water check Friday Food, water and observation RESULTS Table 2. Composition of feeds Composition:Â  Crude Protein (minimum) (%) Layer feed:Â  19.5 Broiler feed:Â  22 Composition:Â  Crude Fat (minimum) (%) Layer feed:Â  2.5 Broiler feed:Â  2.5 Composition:Â  Crude Fibre (minimum) (%) Layer feed:Â  6 Broiler feed:Â  5 Composition:Â  Salt (maximum added) (%) Layer feed:Â  0.3 Broiler feed:Â  0.3 Composition:Â  Copper (added) (mg/kg) Layer feed:Â  0.8 Broiler feed:Â  8 Composition:Â  Selenium (added) (mg/kg) Layer feed:Â  0.1 Broiler feed:Â  0.3 Composition:Â  Calcium (minimum) (%) Layer feed:Â  1 Broiler feed:Â  1 Table 2. Shows that layer and broiler feed had the same amount of crude fat, salt and calcium. Broiler feed has more crude protein, copper and selenium than layer feed, whereas Layer feed has more crude fibre than broiler feed. DISCUSSION The results support the hypothesis that chickens fed on broiler feed would have a greater weight gain than chickens fed on layer feed over the 5 week period, as table 3 and figure. 1 show that chickens fed broiler feed had a higher average weight gain then chickens fed on layer feed. The aims of this experiment to monitor and assess the development of chickens were carried out over the five weeks and observations were made describing their physical and behavioural development over time. The experiment was carried out on chickens with different feeds and a feed conversion ratio was calculated. We also provided the chickens with clean drinking water, sufficient food amounts of food according to their age and feed refusal and a suitable environment in which they could grow and develop certain behaviours. The broiler chickens had a higher growth rate, as shown by table 3 and fig. 1. By the end of the 5 weeks, the broiler chickens reached a live-weight of 467 ÂÂ ± 58 where as chickens who consumed the layer feed for the duration of the experiment reached a live-weight of 429 ÂÂ ± 61. The difference between the growth rates of the broiler and layer chickens is closely related to live-weight. Through out the process, beginning in week one, chickens being fed broiler as opposed to layer maintained a higher growth ratio and remained heavier that the chickens being fed the layer product. In respect to this broiler chickens are capable of higher growth rates and greater weight gain than layer chickens. In the poultry industry, broiler chickens are selected for their carcass processing characteristics and meat density, whereas layer chickens are genetically bred to achieve smaller body weights than those of the broilers (Department of Primary Industries, 2009). Another factor of the growth and weight gain in chickens could also be the composition of the feeds. As seen in table 2 the broiler feed contained 2.5% more crude protein, 7.2 mg/kg more copper and 0.2 mg/kg more selenium than the layer feed. All these factors couldve influenced the growth in chickens and could be why chickens fed broiler feed would gain more live-weight as well as maintain a higher growth ratio. The increase in growth rate found within broiler chickens has been found to be linked to an increase in the deposit of fats and the use of energy. (Geraert et al 2006) All ingredients fond within the chickens feed contributes some part to their growth and weight gain. Coppers influence on health and growth within a chicken is present as the antimicrobial properties found within Cooper help to improve an animals performance such as; increase growth in poultry, improved growth rate, feed intake and feed efficiency (Forbes Shariamatdari 1993). Crude protein also influences the diet energy of a chicken when they are still young (Hayashi et al 2000) as well as their metabolic ability. (Hayashi et al 2000) From the experiment as show in table 4, it shown that broiler chickens have a slightly better feed conversion ratio of 1.5 ÂÂ ± 0.129 g but also maintain a higher feed intake 3889 ÂÂ ± 534 g than that of layer chickens, whose feed conversion ratio is similar to that of the broiler chickens at 1.52 ÂÂ ± 0.051 g and less of a feed intake at 3549 ÂÂ ± 247 g. Calcium levels also differ between that of the layer and broiler feeds. Layer feed has 0.5% more calcium than broiler feed. Calcium ratio plays a vital role in the quality of an egg produced, (Department of Primary Industries) As the chickens grew and developed more, so too did their behavioural characteristics. To begin with the chicks were hardly active at all being under the heated lamp majority of the time, however after a fortnight the chickens activity level was significantly higher, showing signs of flapping wings and a lot more running around within the pen. This behaviour of flapping of the wings is a mechanism known as break used by chickens. (Rogers 2006) Within the second week it was observed that chickens were preening one another, this type of behaviour was commenced whilst the chickens were flocked together in a group always near a wall. Preening aids in the removal of lice and is done using the beak (Gush 2006). As the chickens progressed with age in the 4th week a lot of the time was spent sitting perched up above the food and water dispensers. This type of behaviour is normal and is to be expected after four weeks of age. (Rogers 2006) Through out the five week period and supported by table 6 interactions was the most common behaviour during the experiment. Among these interactions were behaviours such as pecking and scratching, which were major contributors to the interaction database. The behavioural interaction of pecking and scratching are present during all ages of a chicken (Rogers 2006) and are the major ways in which chickens interact and assimilate with their surroundings. (Gush 2006) Through out the 5 week period no formal hierarchical establishment appeared to be present. However there was the mild sign of aggression where chickens would kick at each other within the third week but this type of behaviour was rare and unseen after later dates. A hierarchy within chickens is not formed up until about the sixth week or onwards within domestic chickens (Rogers 2006) and thus no aggressive behaviour was present either as aggression is derived from the sequence of the hierarchy. (Rogers 2006) It was found that roosters were among the chickens which were handed out to us. Roosters in general like male and female humans tend to be heavier than that of their female counter. The inclusion of roosters within the results could be erroneous to the over all weight gain results. This experiment could be improved by regulating the gender of the two strains of chickens being introduced to the artificial environment thus giving more accurate and reliable end results and will nullify the problem of genetic variability.